Assignment On British Petroleum

Task On British Petroleum This Paper will focus on the association known as British oil commonly alluded to as British oil. This explanation behind this paper is inspect and assess and dissect the present appropriate situation of British oil inside the business additionally once we continue further we will likewise think about nature investigation, basic determinants from the grouping of your opposition, auxiliary examination and serious methods for British oil, The whole paper keeps on being part into three sections, just one we consider the general expository procedures like SWOT, PESTEL, proposed by M.E doorman , last basically two British oil will be broke down inside the light of ansoff lattice and BCG grid, and furthermore the doormen five powers, a definitive part incorporates proposals in regards to the previously mentioned investigation Introduction :- â€Å"BP is among the world’s driving overall gas and oil organizations, providing its customers with fuel for transportation, vitality for wa rmth and lightweight, retail administrations and petrochemicals things for regular items† http://overall web.british petroleum.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=3&contentId=2006926 British oil very much alluded to as British oil is world’s significant gas and oil organization, it is among the world third greatest organization (source Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British oil) it’s surely understand brand around the world, just as in business domain it’s much alluded to as a company that has been emphatically adopting part in vertical coordination strategy in every single area of fuel industry, which incorporates uncovering of oil and extraction and creation refining dispersion vitality age and purchasing and selling, of late British oil keeps on being decidedly remembering for the presentation of elective vitality resources since it is thoroughly considered the completion of the century the entirety of the cell phone industry’s s tores of traditionalist fuel stores will evaporate, anyway British oil has its own activity experiencing in 80 distinct countries and made approximately 4 million barrels of oil, Bp’s greatest maket share is inside u . s . states mind quarted in Houston, the association keeps on being affirmed for that danger of condition and wellbeing concern following an ongoing spill in bay, British oil might be the principal organization to comprehend the since quite a while ago run enthusiasm for vitality is foreseen to improve by half with inside the following 2 decades just as on the British oil site it’s referenced the 85% from the vitality requests will be met through the non-inexhaustible fills Medicare Part A:- British oil SWOT ANALYSIS: Talents: BP’s History/brand:- British oil Among the cell phone industry’s surely understand brand that has been working in the business always from the 1800s however officially alluded to as Anglo-Iranian oil organization , its history itself directs its security with in the business, it incorporates a solid holds inside the u . s . states advertise among the greatest shopper of gas and oil on the planet additionally Bigger maker inside the Gulf:- As British oil is has its own solid root hold inside the American market the association includes its own refining business sector and circulation channels along these lines it includes a one of a kind and considerable framework, with the system of their auxiliaries making rivals overwhelming

Consumer Satisfaction in The Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: What is the essentialness of purchaser fulfillment in the turn of events and headway of a business? Answer: Research Question: The principal request that will be answered by this exploration is 'What is the hugeness of purchaser fulfillment in the turn of events and progression of a business?' But recollecting the relevant investigation the inquiry would be At what rate has the matter of Apple stores created over the latest couple of years? What are the courses of action that have been balanced by Apple for exhibiting of their things? What are the methodologies balanced by the Apple stores in U.K. for their activities? Research Methods: The exploration technique in ebb and flow look into proposition will bargain in various strategies for inquire about. The exploration ought to be done in such a way along these lines, that it upgrades information with respect as per the general inclination of the clients in the improvement of the business and advantage of the association. The technique of portrayal of the data into basic and assistant data and all the ethical rights that should be secured for the conduction of the assessment will be talked about in the exploration (Grant 2016). Procedure and Data Collection: The auxiliary information being accumulated by investigating the composition, this exploration tends to take after a deliberate method to manage obtain fundamental data. The fundamental data manages: Contextual investigation Reviews and Sampling Ethnography Tests Phenomenology Grounded speculation The entire essential information along these lines accumulated will be also portrayed into Subjective Data Quantitative Data Confinement of Research: This examination join the outcomes of the data examination of the data gained while finishing reviews and gatherings of the staffs and customers of the apple store in U.K. The result of the assessment will help finally to answer all the investigation tends to in this way making the investigation viable (Heracleous 2013). Result: The objectives behind doing this assessment are according to the accompanying To study the piece of buyer faithfulness in retail industry. Recognizing confirmation of the standard explanations behind customer dependability and frustration. To examine the purchaser steadfastness procedures and organizations that has been taken up by the Apple stores in U.K. To accumulate distinctive crude quantities of the Apple stores in U.K. To ponder the strategy executed by the Apple stores in United Kingdom consistently. References: Award, R.M., 2016.Contemporary procedure investigation: Text and cases version. John Wiley Sons. Heracleous, L., 2013. Quantum procedure at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), pp.92-99.

Psychology and Personality Essay Example for Free

Brain science and Personality Essay The investigation of character has an expansive and shifted history in brain science with a plenitude of hypothetical customs. The significant speculations incorporate dispositional characteristic point of view, psychodynamic, humanistic, natural, behaviorist, and social learning viewpoint. Notwithstanding, numerous scientists and clinicians don't expressly distinguish themselves with a specific point of view and rather adopt a mixed strategy. Research around there is experimentally determined, for example, dimensional models, in light of multivariate measurements, for example, factor examination, or accentuates hypothesis advancement, for example, that of the psychodynamic hypothesis. There is likewise a generous accentuation on the applied field of character testing. In mental instruction and preparing, the investigation of the idea of character and its mental improvement is typically assessed as an essential to courses in strange brain research or clinical brain science. Character Paper Personality is associated with Darwins Theory of Evolution. It for the most part clarifies why there are character contrasts between individuals.[ Schacter, Daniel; Gilbert, Daniel; Wegner, Daniel (2011).] Personality likewise alludes to the example of considerations, emotions, social alterations, and practices reliably showed after some time that emphatically impacts ones desires, self-observations, qualities, and mentalities. It additionally predicts human responses to others, issues, and stress.[ Winnie, J.F. Gittinger, J.W. (1973)][ Krauskopf, C.J. Saunders, D.R, (1994)] There is still no all inclusive agreement on the meaning of character in brain science. Gordon Allport depicted two significant approaches to consider character: the nomothetic and the idiographic. Nomothetic brain research looks for general laws that can be applied to a wide range of individuals, for example, the standard of self-realization or the attribute of extraversion. Idiographic brain res earch is an endeavor to comprehend the one of a kind parts of a specific person. The investigation of character has a wide and shifted history in brain research with a wealth of hypothetical conventions. The significant speculations incorporate dispositional attribute point of view, psychodynamic, humanistic, organic, behaviorist, and social learning viewpoint. Be that as it may, numerous analysts and therapists don't unequivocally recognize themselves with a specific point of view and rather adopt a varied strategy. Research around there is exactly determined, for example, dimensional models, in view of multivariate measurements, for example, factor examination, or underscores hypothesis advancement, for example, that of the psychodynamic hypothesis. There is additionally a generous accentuation on the applied field of character testing. In mental instruction and preparing, the investigation of the idea of character and its mental advancement is typically checked on as an essential to courses in unusual brain science or clinical brain science. Points of view of Personality Many of the thoughts created by authentic and present day character scholars come from the fundamental philosophical presumptions they hold. The investigation of character is certainly not an absolutely experimental order, as it gets components of workmanship, science, and theory to reach general determinations. Opportunity versus determinism This thought looks to answer whether people have command over their own conduct and comprehend the intentions behind it or our conduct is causally dictated by powers outside our ability to control. Conduct is classified as being oblivious, natural, or organic by different hypotheses. [Engler, Barbara (2008)]. Heredity versus condition Character is believed to be resolved to a great extent by hereditary qualities and science, by condition and encounters, or by some blend coming about thereof. Contemporary research recommends that most character qualities depend on the joint impact of hereditary qualities and condition. One of the precursors in this field is C. Robert Cloninger, who spearheaded the Temperament and Character model.[ Engler, Barbara (2008).] Uniqueness versus all inclusiveness This is the contention examining the degree of every human singularity Uniqueness or likeness in nature Universality. Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers were all backers of the uniqueness of people. Behaviorists and psychological scholars, interestingly, underline the significance of general standards, for example, support and self-efficacy.[ Engler, Barbara (2008).] Idealistic versus cynical Personality hypotheses vary concerning whether people are vital in the changing of their own characters. Hypotheses that place a lot of accentuation on learning are regularly more hopeful than those that don't. [Engler, Barbara (2008)]. Three Theories of Personality Development The investigation of character depends on the basic understanding that all individuals are comparative somehow or another, yet unique in others.[ Phares, E.J.; Chaplin, W.F. (1997).] There have been various meanings of character proposed. In any case, numerous contemporary analysts concur on the accompanying definition: Personality is that example of trademark considerations, sentiments, and practices that recognizes one individual from another and that endures after some time and circumstances. [Phares, E.J.; Chaplin, W.F. (1997)]. Attribute speculations As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, character attributes are suffering examples of seeing, identifying with, and contemplating the earth and oneself that are displayed in a wide scope of social and individual settings. Scholars for the most part expect that a) qualities are moderately steady after some time, b) attributes contrast among people, and c) characteristics impact conduct. They reliably are utilized so as to help characterize individuals in general. Attributes are moderately consistent; they don't normally change. Characteristics are likewise bipolar; they shift along a continuum between one extraordinary and the other (for example benevolent versus unfriendly).[ Feist, Jess Feist, Gregory J. (2009).] Behaviorist speculations Behaviorists clarify character as far as the impacts outside boosts have on conduct. The methodologies used to dissect the conduct part of character are known as social hypotheses or getting the hang of molding speculations. These methodologies were an extreme move away from Freudian way of thinking. One of the significant precepts of this grouping of character brain research is a solid accentuation on logical reasoning and experimentation. Humanistic speculations Humanistic brain science underscores that individuals have through and through freedom and that this assumes a functioning job in deciding how they carry on. Humanistic treatment ordinarily depends on the customer for data of the past and its impact on the present, along these lines the customer directs the kind of direction the advisor may start. This takes into account an individualized way to deal with treatment. Character Tests There are two significant kinds of character tests, projective and objective. Projective tests expect character is principally oblivious and evaluate a person by how the individual in question reacts to an uncertain upgrade, for example, an ink blotch. Projective tests have been being used for around 60 years and keep on being utilized today. Target tests expect character is deliberately open and measure it without anyone else report polls. Research on mental evaluation has commonly discovered target tests are more legitimate and solid than projective tests. Pundits have highlighted the Forer impact to propose a portion of these have all the earmarks of being more precise and segregating than they truly are. Issues inside Testing Issues with these tests incorporate, bogus announcing on the grounds that it is extremely unlikely to tell if an individual is responding to an inquiry genuinely or precisely. End There are numerous speculations on how an individual builds up a particular kind of character. A person’s character is the thing that characterizes them in all parts of their life. Individuals accept that you are formed into what you are today, yet hypotheses have demonstrated that a few people show others how its done and some learn by model. On the off chance that anybody is interested with regards to what kind of character they have, there are my sorts of evaluations accessible to take that can let you know.

Marijuana Legalization Controversy - 1100 Words

Marijuana Legalization Controversy (Essay Sample) Content: Marijuana Legalization Controversy Name Institution Course Name and Number Instructor Date The Controversy Surrounding the Legalization of Marijuana The American Dream is here, and every citizen has set their sights on it especially following the legalization of marijuana. Moreover, every citizen is keen to avoid any threat likely to thwart the opportunity in their pursuit of the American dream. The American Dream is here and none of the liberal-minded citizens of America, young or old, wants to be left out in its attainment. The legalization of marijuana is the ladder that every citizen ought to climb in the realization of the American Dream. All through the United States, there is a controversy surrounding the legalization of marijuana for every citizen, and various bodies have received the news with mixed reactions and opinions. There is a controversy concerning the legalization of marijuana in the United States. There have been conflicting stateme nts regarding the issue in that there are conflicting arguments concerning the mental and health problems and the public safety issues claimed to be associated with the use of marijuana. It is true that for every opportunity that presents itself, there are associated obstacles that one has to trample to seize the opportunity. In this case, the opposing viewpoints are the bottlenecks that the citizens have to avoid so that they achieve the American dream through legalization of marijuana. There are contradicting views about the legalization of marijuana in America. The opposing sides include the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Psychology Today, the CNBC and the American Society of Addiction Medicine. Some people claim that marijuana is addictive and impacts negatively on the health of individuals and should not be legalized, but if legalized the Americans will benefit more from its positive effects such as increased revenues, improved medication and freedom of choice to use the drug. With the legalization of marijuana, the government adds an economic muscle to itself with the revenues it will get in the process yet some have conflicting viewpoints regarding the drug. Through legalization of marijuana, the government adds to itself the economic muscle necessary for the improvement of the living standards of its people. Through the sale of marijuana, the government can collect taxes as they are the primary source of government revenue. Still, Sevigny et al. argue that the drug has adverse effects some of which they fail to explain further. The fact that some people have opposing viewpoints to the drug means that they are trying to stop the government from raising its taxes. The increased revenue for the government will work towards the elevation of the living standards of the Americans although some still oppose the legalization of marijuana. A technical report prepared by the American Academy of Pediatrics claims that the drug has a psychopharmacologic imp act on the youth. This report is an example of an illustration of the controversy surrounding the drug with an opposing viewpoint. Nevertheless, Keppel (2012) acknowledges that the marijuana outlets are not centers of crime as some other sources claim. The legalization of marijuana in America comes with it the freedom that the American citizens could have been waiting for so long now although the American Academy of Pediatrics explains the potential impact on the youth in a different way. The technical report does not have sights on the American Dream but instead divert to the potential impact on the youth. They claim that marijuana stimulates the release of dopamine in the brain to generate the same effect as that of other addictive drugs (Joffe et al, 2004). Freedom is one of the pillars of the American Dream, and the legalization of marijuana is a step forward towards the attainment of the freedom as no citizen will be wary of losing their freedom. The technical report also cla ims that the legalization will be the factor to trigger the increased use and the predicted rise in costs both socio-economically and health-wise. The freedom of choice of using the drug in itself is one significant way through which the American citizens will exercise their freedom. According to Wall (2011), those states with restrictions concerning the use of marijuana have more cases of marijuana use due to the curtailed freedom Thus, its legalization is the most opportune moment that has come promptly to them, and the misleading opposition should be overlooked (Joffe et al. 2004). The use of the drug allows one to attain that state of the mind for which every liberal-minded citizen yearns, thus its legalization comes as an enormous boost for the American citizens. Still, some bodies oppose the drug claiming its mental effects do more harm than good. Marijuana use enhances creativity, leads to many interesting perceptions and conversations, and above all has very few downsides. The creativity that comes with the use of marijuana serves as a breakthrough the disillusion that people have always been having concerning the drug. On the contrary, Thurstone et al. (2011) claim that labeling marijuana as of medicinal benefits may increase will not change the perception and use. They add that legalization will not be of help as its acceptability may reduce the riskiness of use of the drug. On sampling 80 adolescents, they found out that 48% of them found the drug from someone who has a medical license on marijuana. Thus, the legalization is something that comes at the right time as there is the yearning for the American Dream. As such, its legalization comes as a wake-up call for all the American citizens to get closer to the American Dream Thurstone, Lieberman & Schmiege 2011). In conclusion, over the years, the American citizens have wished to get a...

The Importance Of Literary Elements In Literature

Over the past year our class has learned many things that have helped make us better readers and writers. We have learned how to use common literary elements to help us read into a story beyond the text. From the first independent book we read to short stories we read together in class, we have all improved drastically as writers. The first thing we did in starting our English ten honors course was to pick an independent book to read over the summer. I picked The Da Vinci Code written by Dan Brown. Our assignment for this was to name three literary elements the author used well. I said that the best used literary elements used in this novel are point of view, symbolism, and foreshadowing. The reasoning behind each of these was written†¦show more content†¦The improvement of writing speeches between these four months was drastic. We also developed a better understanding of the literary element authors use in their writing. In January we wrote a paragraph explaining how and why authors use diction in their writing. Before doing this we went through an exercise of trying to put certain words into a poem to convey the mood. After this we read Snow Falling on Cedars and wrote an essay Explaining why and how Ishmael is the protagonist of the story. This was proven by showing how the conflict, climax, and the resolution were centered around him. We planned this out using a plot diagram to explain the climax, conflict, and resolution of the story. The main problems within this essay were possessives, along with the use of commas for appositives. The last piece of writing we did this year was on ten short stories we read in class. We did a plot diagram for each of these short stories to have a better understanding of all the parts of theme. This was similar to what we did with Snow Falling on Cedars. There were few mistakes in this piece besides a few proofreading errors. Over the course of English ten honors, you can see my writing and reading skills grow and improve. Over the past year our class has learned many things that have helped make us better readers and writers. We have learned how to use common literary elements to help us read into a story beyond the text. From the first independent book we read toShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Analysis – Amazing Grace747 Words   |  3 Pagessame reasons why I found this poem very interesting and engaging. The literary elements that attributed to the poem’s quality and importance are its form, content, and tone. These elements are what make â€Å"Amazing Grace† such an important and significant piece of poetry in history. The form of the poem â€Å"Amazing Grace† is different from other literature readings from the book. â€Å"Amazing Grace† is a special type of literature; a poem in a form of a song. â €Å"A hymn is a lyric poem or sacred song whichRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 Pagesremarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elements of fear, horror, death, and gloom. (19th Century) There are three main types of gothic literature. TheseRead More Vampires and Vampirism Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesvampirism symbolically could actually be considered a stock literary motif in the nineteenth century (Grudin 52). The themes of sex and violence that are the essence of the vampire serve to expose the sexual and psychological uneasiness that reside deep inside human beings through interaction with these creatures (South 251). This creature is used as an element in nineteenth-century literature as a combination of all of the classic elements that distinguish the vampire from other creatures and to examineRead MoreWhy I Am My Top Strengths And My Greatest Weakness824 Words   |  4 Pagesemotional development† (Part 1). Evidence-Based Best Practices are crucial for succe ssful literary development in our society. These practices transcend through all socioeconomic statues and different demographics, they remove the disadvantages some may face and create an environment that promotes equity and equality. The Evidence-Based Practices presented, thoroughly represent the elements that are necessary for literary success. Ten Evidence-Based Practices were discussed in our book. For the sake of thisRead MoreThe, Or The Nightingale, By Marie De France1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of a classic is a hotly debated topic in literature. For literature a classic has to have certain characteristics to make is a classic; such as it must stand the test of time, have a universal appeal, and make connections with the audience. Laustic, or the Nightingale, by Marie De France is a classic in its own right due to the fact that students are still reading the literary work that it creates a lasting impression on the reader. Marie De France, author of Laustic, cr eated a memorableRead MoreStructural and Textural Irony Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary elements such as metaphors, similes, alliteration, the use of personification, and the use of irony are primary tools and building blocks for great literature. With the incorporation of literary elements, an insignificant story of occurrences can be transformed into a literary work of art presenting depth and purpose to its audience. While many short stories are flooded with a number of various literary elements, Zora Neale Hurstons Sweat, William Sydney Porters The Last Leaf, GuyRead MoreThe Gift of Magi and Its Background792 Words   |  4 PagesPhillips Introduction to Literature ENG125 Instructor Julie Alfaro January 21st, 2013 In my paper I am going to be describing the short story The Gift of the Magi. Throughout my paper I am going to describe what I feel is the theme of the story itself. I will also be explaining and identifying symbolism used and described in the story, as well as talking about the point of view that the narrator used in the story. Finally, I will be describing how the literary elements affect the narrators themeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Sunday By Ian Mcewan1353 Words   |  6 Pagessusceptible to the influence of literary art. Through the contrast of these two seemingly dissimilar characters, one who seems as though he should not be appreciative of it but is, and another who seems as though he should be appreciative of it but is not, author Ian McEwan demonstrates that literary art transcends socioeconomic strata and can have a significant impact upon our lives, regardless of whether we would typically classify ourselves as aficionados of literature. As a result, it is clear t hatRead More An Analysis of Arnolds Essay, The Function of Criticism at The Present Time1226 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing Matthew Arnold‘s essay through my reading of his essay. It becomes clear that Arnold defends the importance of criticism. That’s to say he tries to display that the critical mind is of a paramount importance as well as the creative mind. A Brief Biography Arnold, Matthew 1822-1888, English poet and critic, he was a leading literary figure of the Victorian period, and the foremost literary figure of his age. His writings have a distinct style which is characterized by the use of symbolism andRead MoreStructuralistic Criticism and Gerard Genette1053 Words   |  5 Pagesessay ‘Structuralism and Literary Criticism’ that methods developed for the study of one discipline could be satisfactorily applied to the study of other discipline as well. This is what he calls â€Å"intellectual bricolage ’, borrowing a term from Claude Levi-Strauss. This is precisely so, so far as structuralism is concerned. Structuralism is the name given to Saussure’s approach to language as a system of relationship. But it is applied also to the study of philosophy, literature and other sciences of

Cyber Security A Global Issue - 1905 Words

Cyber Security is one of the popular issue in computer technology and also it has become a global issue of interest and importance. Currently, more than 50 countries have officially published some strategy documents on cyberspace, cybercrime and cyber security. In many countries such as UK and USA, they have put this issue on their top priority and have spent millions of pounds over the years on National Cyber Security Program. In many literatures cyber security has become an important concept. Many big companies felt they are unsecure by cybercrimes. One the most famous company international telecommunication union says cyber security is set of tools, concepts, and security policies and also they said training, actions assurance, safe†¦show more content†¦[1] Now-a-days cyber security has become a global interest and also how important its issues. According to studies maximum rate of computer attacks are done on against government, financial organizations and power and a lso same studies show that the United States is only the country has been faced most such type of attacks. With also increasing of fear of terrorism attack, and apart increasing of cyber terrorist attacks. According to the lists of United Kingdom the cyber security is top in that list and has done over 650 million pounds over 4 years for a national cyber security program. Couple of days ago united states of America told their thoughts to divide the attacks of cyber security in different types as they were in war at exact time. Even UK planned to spend one million dollars to build well advance And developed system to protect from cyber security. This decision made them to face new bills of cyber security. This decision made a huge gap between private and government sectors and many leaders of different countries raised questions of cyber security because it was a kind of discussion issue. There are a lot and best papers of organizations that can be easily referred to judge those individual organizations but there is one more issues is there is no clear detail or information for communities. Cyber security is a set of security concepts,

Execution of Organizations Strategic Plan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Execution of Organizations Strategic Plan. Answer: Introduction The organizational change depends on the changes of the people associated with the organization. The organizational change usually takes place when the employees understand the potential value of the changing scenario. The leaders play the significant role in managing people during the organizational change (Vernizzi, Zanoni and Russ 2015). The study will explore the revolutionary change led by Sergio Marchionne in Fiat and Chrysler. Sergio Marchionne has the dual citizenships in Italy and Canada. Having degrees in philosophy, MBA, and law, he started working as an account and he was appointed in the printing and chemical industry. He became the CEO of Fiat in 2004 without having the proper experiments in the automobile industry. The massive success in Fiat and Chrysler is much remarkable since the time he was appointed as the CEO. His major motif was to help the managers instead of making decisions. He is much responsible towards his job and associates. He took the training and deve lopment process, proper communication and coaching plan for helping the managers to achieve the objective. The study will thus disclose the information regarding these change levers in fiat and Chrysler. There are five significant levers that drive change within the organizations. The first lever is communication plan, which signifies the establishment of the high frequency messages among all departments of the organization (Zanoni, Vernizzi and D'anna 2014). The maintenance of the transparent communication with the sequential process would be helpful to drive the change in a significant way. Second, sponsorship roadmap, which focuses on three major components, such as proactive and visible participation, establishment of coalition of support with each level, and direct communication with the employees. Third is coaching plan, which takes places between the supervisor and the employees (Maielli 2015). If necessary, the supervisor will provide the proper coaching to the employees in order to make them adaptive towards change. Sergio Marchionne has been following this lever of change to help the managers. Fourth is the training plan that is an intervention of building capabilities and skills. The training process makes the employees more competent to cope with the upcoming changes. The final lever is resistance management plan that determines a natural reaction (Hornstein 2015). The resistance to change can be sometimes the obstacles for ensuring the successful change. At the initial stage of joining Fiat, Sergio Marchionne observed that the company was under the unprofitable management style. He even found out that the managers were much reluctant to perform their responsibilities and they were quite dependent on the decision of the CEO. After identifying the situation, he decided to communicate with the managers (Ameri and Awad 2016). He even recognized that the traditional career progression to senior management position is based on the engineering. He then decided to introduce the talent management to make the managers aware of their responsibilities. Ensuring the personal interest of the managers, he started engaging them towards the organizational functionalities. Even in case of Chrysler, it has been found that the company had undergone bankruptcy in the year of 2009. The changes in the management style, leadership attributes, and hierarchy level made him succeed in accomplishing the business goals in Chrysler (Navaretti, Ottaviano and Trent inaglia 2014). The change program failed due to the reluctant nature of the managers to take the responsibilities. They are much inclined towards the upward decisions of the CEO. However, identifying such issues, Sergio Marchionne started establishing the communication transparency and hired young engineers in Chrysler. It was noted that these people needed to provide the details to the upper management. In fact, Sergio Marchionne had paid attention on building the capacity of the workers by providing them the proper training and development session. Eventually, the management style and the work functionalities started changing (Bertoldi et al., 2015). It was quite difficult at the initial stage to manage the entire workforce with the whole new concept of leadership attributes and new management style. It has been observed that Sergio Marchionne has taken the soft approaches of communicating with the managers and the other supervisors to make the proactive move in their capacity building. They were invited to provide the unique ideas that can be beneficial for the company. On the other hand, the hard approach was to provide the proper training to the associated engineers (Krug, Wright and Kroll 2014). Sergio Marchionne did not have the proper experience in automobile industry. However, the movement he took to engage more young engineers and provide them the proper training was much commendable. Recommendations It is to be indicated that Sergio Marchionne is looking forward to earn more profit to the business. The change management planning is based on such objective. However, it is even important to ensure some of the major recommendation for the future success of the company. First, the Sergio Marchionne needs to reject the idea about the continuous expansion of the Jeep car of Chrysler in different countries. The continuous expansion affects the brand value in a significant way that may reduce the profit revenue of the company. Second, Sergio Marchionne should concentrate more on the strategic decision making process to ensure more profitability for the future. Accomplishing such goals would be much beneficial for the future prospects. Third, allocating the resources in a significant way is also much necessary. Paying attention to these recommendations would ensure more profitability in the future. Conclusion Sergio Marchionne, the efficient CEO recognized the ineffective management settings of Fiat and Chrysler. The CEO observed that the major reason behind such failure is the inefficient coordination between the managers and the employees. It was noticed that the managers were much dependent on the upward decision instead of performing their responsibilities. Sergio Marchionne arranged the talent management process to ensure the changes in the management style and leadership. Making the hard and soft approaches towards the change management aspect is considerably the effective initiatives for the betterment of the future of the company. However, it is also necessary to keep the focus on the change resistance that can be the major obstacles for the future prospects. References Ameri, A. and Awad, T.Z., 2016. The Roles of the Project Management Office In The Execution of the Organizations Strategic Plan. Bertoldi, B., Giachino, C., Bernard, S. and Prudenza, V., 2015. Fiat-Chrysler deal: looking for a good returns from M A.Journal of Business Strategy,36(4), pp.23-33. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Krug, J.A., Wright, P. and Kroll, M.J., 2014. Top management turnover following mergers and acquisitions: solid research to date but still much to be learned.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.147-163.. Maielli, G., 2015. Explaining organizational paths through the concept of hegemony: Evidence from the Italian car industry. Navaretti, G.B., Ottaviano, G. and Trentinaglia, M.T., 2014.Fiat Chrysler and the future of industry(No. 434). Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. Vernizzi, S., Zanoni, A.B. and Russ, M., 2015. Strategic Inertia vs. Strategic Change: The Role of Human Capital in.Quantitative Multidisciplinary Approaches in Human Capital and Asset Management, p.123. Zanoni, A.B., Vernizzi, S. and D'anna, E.P., 2014. What about Strategic Options? Lessons from Fiat's Turnaround.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(6).

Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay Essay Example

Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay Paper All throughout history. there has ever been a sense of hierarchy in society such as the elites over the provincials. blue bloods over plebeians. etc. Although there was much social alteration in the clip of revolution. this subordination of categories did non. Sprouted from feudal society. businessperson continues the division of social categories: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. The work of the Proletariats was to merely happen occupations and work. They’d continue working so long as it increased the capital. However. Proletariats did non necessitate any â€Å"individual character† to be working. They were merely an â€Å"appendage† to the machines in the mills. Not much accomplishment or instruction was needed to work these machines. hence. the cost of bring forthing the stuffs was really limited. As work increased. their rewards would diminish. As industry increased. so did the Proletariat. Factories were rapidly going packed with more labourers. Conditionss of life for them began to equalise. nevertheless their rewards seemed to fluctuate in response to the competition between other mills. Technologically. the machines weren’t progressing due to their trust on the workers to hasten production anyhow. This began to rupture down the Proletariats vibrant support. so they began to make groups against the Bourgeoisie. Their stria to gether helped them maintain better path on the stableness of the rewards and were more powerful in their occasional rebellions. At times. they would be successful in these rebellions. However. their existent success stemmed from their prevarications. The continual laden behaviour of the Proletariat was no longer compatible with society. We will write a custom essay sample on Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Learning to Listen

Learning to Listen Free Online Research Papers Listening, the process of taking in what we hear and mentally organizing it to make sense of it, is invaluable component of the communication process. Listening is an essential skill for those who want to be successful in work and in life ( Janasz, 2006, p138 ). Especially for us international students, listening plays an irreplaceable role in our daily life. If our listening is poor, we can not understand what locals are talking about, and we won’t know what is going on, just like we are living in a world with noise, not with language. So the first step is to practice and improve our basic listening skills. Listening to the radio may be an effective way to improve listening. It will provide us information about the local events, local culture, and most importantly the local accent. It is a fact that we Chinese students are much more familiar with American English than British English, because we have been learning American English and American sound since secondary school, and in one time I was a little confused about British sound. Now I am in Australia, the same thing happens again. The very first word I heard from the local was â€Å"Today†, which made me feel like he was saying â€Å"to die†. This astonished me at first, but later on, I felt free to hear that â€Å"die† sound. Another way to improve listening I think is to talk with locals as much as possible. If we only practice listening over the radio, we never talk to it, and the radio never gives a feedback. However, things are different when we make conversations with locals. We learn their ways of expression, their accent, and even their ways of thinking. It is true that we eastern people think differently from the western people, because of the different cultural and educational background. So it is necessary for us to be aware of the western ways of thinking and their customs. Talking with local people will provide us good opportunity to get all the useful information, and our listening is improved meanwhile. When the basic listening skills are improved, we go to the next step, to be a good listener. We need to pay attention to the tone of voice, body language, and other nonverbal messages. These will help us understand what is being said. The final step is active listening, and in active listening, it is common for the listener to be an active participant in the conversation, asking and probing for details in such a way that the speaker feels both supported and encouraged to share more information about a situation. Enhancing both the speaker’s and listener’s understanding of what is taking place ( Janasz, 2006, p139 ). It will be a little hard for me to be an active listener, because English is my second language, but I will try to take part in the conversations and not to be a passive listener. I think by the end of this semester I will make some progress in my listening, and be an active listener by practicing the basic listening skills. Research Papers on Learning to ListenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingMind TravelAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Spring and AutumnInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of India

Increasing the Number of People Downsizing in Social Housing Essay

Increasing the Number of People Downsizing in Social Housing - Essay Example With housing being a necessity, it observes with keenness that there has been a downward trend in many countries regarding people who own homes or have decent housing. It probes the root cause of the problem with the different scholars offering different views on the subject. It enhances the importance of housing and the fact that governments have played a big role in the so called â€Å"downsizing’. It therefore delegates itself the duty of bringing the solution to this societal problem that has been highlighted by the emergence of slums while at the same time posh estates of the rich exist. It simply offers solution and tries to ascertain how an increase can be made to the number of people in the social housing. With examples from countries such as Britain, United States, and Sweden it analyses their policies and checks on whether they seceded or not. To this end, it is informative, sceptical, and analytical. Aims of the strategy To understand whether there can be an increa se in the number of people who attain the social housing with the understanding that there are forces that fight this move and have led to the decrease of the same. Background Study Housing is a basic necessity. This then means that home ownership serves the purpose of ensuring that fundamental obligations are fulfilled. This may include raising the quality of family life and education. To this end, housing plays a fundamental role in the economies of both developed and developing countries with the governments of respective countries acknowledging this as a mirror of development. Housing policy then has been regarded in two different views; there are those who view it in terms of continuity or change with the change protagonist accusing the regime of short termism due to their nature of treating the housing as a â€Å"political football† and being chameleons in their nature of changing colours and direction to reflect party political preferences (Balchin and Rhoden 2002). Th ese changing political positions have made it impossible to have choices that are rational in the housing sector. This change perspective is argued by Harloe (1995) who notes that the case of British housing policy is ideal example where he links the change from the periods of 1919 to 1970s. He notes that this is as a result of both long term economic changes and shorter political tensions by stating that social housing widened from residual housing only in times of market disruptions and political upheavals. Barker (2003) supports this by contending that the role of housing policy was only to support modernization of the housing market while the social housing played a different role. To this end, the propagators of this view had their insights on the fact

SAP process "No need for research" Essay

SAP process "No need for research" - Essay Example ing is necessary for reduction of complex plant maintenance processes and includes several levels, which do not necessarily have to be implemented in full. The duration of such process execution depends on the number of employees involved in it and the complication of each of its steps. Asset Lifecycle management ensures the effective maintenance process. It starts with the identification of the need of the product or service whether from external or internal sources. The business should determine where to obtain the product and consider the suppliers in order to determine the necessary product for business. All this information along with the price and terms of exploitation are necessary to create the Purchase Requisition. After the responsible person specifies and defines that the price, specifications of the product and its terms and conditions are appropriate for the company, one does the Release of Purchase Order and the goods may be delivered to the company. The Purchase Order is usually delivered by fax or email with specification of purchasing documents. For every company it is important so the purchased order was delivered in time and for the supplier the payment was made as agreed and the work was completed for both sides. The stage of Goods Receipt means that the product is delivered and the recipient accepts or rejects the purchased item. During the period of discussing price and terms of exploitation of goods, the question of Installation or Putting into service are agreed. This means, that the supplier is responsible for installing of the purchased product, as well as service operation at purchaser request. By scheduling maintenance plans, asset lifecycle management forms orders and notifications for the proper work. The Preventive maintenance program should include the equipment condition monitoring which track the difference between the performing scheduled updates and a breakdown. Preventive maintenance is served for identifying a bigger problem.

Personal Statement For University Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement For University Essay My intended major is Economics. My main interest in Economics lies in the field of macroeconomics and the principles that are involved. Macroeconomics has a way of showing how different policies are intertwined; such has policies in Healthcare regarding retirement benefits to how the world’s interest rate plays a role in our daily banking activities. When I graduated from kindergarten, I lived in Shanghai for a while because of my father’s job. At that time, of course I could not speak Chinese so I faced language barrier. However, I had such as experience so I have been interested in Chinese and other countries’ culture from my parents’ influence. I started to learn English, French (when I was junior high school student) and Chinese (when I was high school student) and I went to classroom which is for studying Japanese for foreigner country children to assist. To be interested in learning foreign languages lead me to be interested in foreign countries’ culture and also I felt strongly interested in economics such as what my country economy is, how economic growth is going on in the world, if America economics situation changed, how it influenced to the world and so on with age. From that I started to be interested in activities of international authorization and it led me to be interested in the United Nations. On 12 May, 2008 Sichuan earthquake made me focus on world economics more than before. The earthquake killed many children. I had strong impact when I watched on TV. Some parents said â€Å"My child died because of school building is an old! Children who are rich could go good quality building school so they could survive! This is not a Natural disaster! This is Man-made disaster! †. Some of children â€Å"I want to say thank you to my school to save my life†. It told the gap between rich people and poor people. I had very big mistake thinking that in China’s economy is growing up very much so I thought the gap between rich and poor is going to disappear. I want to remove this gap so I want to study about world economics and I want to work for United Nation. I am not a greedy or selfish person. I am driven, straightforward and ambitious. I know what I want to be in life and I know how to get what I want. I too have come to love consumerist America and all the creature comforts that it promises to those who can afford them. While I have no intention of becoming a Donald Trump, I do wish for a comfortable life for myself and my family. To be able to provide for my family and to ensure that my children will also have the same opportunities to succeed in life as I have by getting a good education at not only the college level but a Masters degree as well in their chosen professions.

tupacs music Essay -- essays research papers

MUSIC ANALYSIS: Changes by Tupac Shakure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For most people that listen to music, a song can be classified as simply a plethora of words constructed into verses in the midst of an appealing tune playing in the backdrop. But it is when an artist can take all of this and add even more to it to make it memorable and even sometimes controversial he or she is considered a great artist. Perhaps one of the most misunderstood rap, along with hip hop artist of the 20th century is the late Tupac Shakure. ... However, to his fans and critics, he was perceived as a political poet and a lyrical genius. Though I wasn’t supposed to, I have listened to Pac since I was a child...and Ill have to admit I haven’t always liked him or his style of rappi...

Performance of Telecom Service Provider

ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 Performance of Grameenphone and Robi in Telecom. Sector of Bangladesh: A Comparative Study S. M. Akterujjaman* Md. Rouf Biswas* Md. Nur-E-Alam Siddique** Abstract The last decade has brought the first wave of the truly mobile generation which is built around mobile phones, short messaging service (SMS), and portable electronic assistants. The mobile communications industry has been one of the most flourishing sectors within the ICT industry and, in general, within the economy.Grameenphone and Robi are the biggest mobile phone operators in our country and their contribution is very great to our economy. The prime objective of the study is to compare the performance between Grameenphone and Robi in the telecommunications sector of Bangladesh. This study is based on the basis of both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from relative mobile phone companies’ customers from Khulna city. Total 200 customers (100 customers of Grameenphone and 100 customers of Robi) were surveyed through the judgmental sampling method with questionnaire from March to June 2011.The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. After collection of primary data, hypotheses were formulated and paired samples T-test was used to test the hypotheses with 0. 05 level of statistical significance. The statistical computer package SPSS version 16. 0 was used to analyze the data. The recommendations were provided based on the findings and analysis. Key words: Performance, Telecommunications sector, Grameenphone, Robi, Customer satisfaction, Network, Hypotheses. Introduction The people of Bangladesh are now dreaming of a digital Bangladesh.Faster development of telecommunications network coupled with improved quality of service in line with the national development is a must for the fulfillment of the vision and aspiration of digital Bangladesh and also to take her to a position of honor in the community of nat ions in the 21st century. Mobile phone operators have been playing an important role in this regard (Rahman, 2010). The last decade has brought the first wave of the truly mobile generation which is built around mobile phones, short messaging service (SMS), and portable electronic assistants.But now there is strong evidence to suggest that there is an even bigger wave to come driven by the increasing worldwide technological trend towards mobility and technology integration. This is evident through the plans and strategic directions of many of the major players in this field (Mahmud and Chowdhury, 2010). * ** Senior Lecturers, Department of Business Administration, Northern University Bangladesh Lecturer, Faculty of Business, ASA University Bangladesh 160 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011The telecommunication services in Bangladesh were provided until 1989 by the state-owned monopoly provider Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB), telecommunica tions services. In 1989, the Government of Bangladesh opened the telecom sector by awarding licenses to two operators; one to operate fixed telephones in rural areas (Bangladesh Rural Telecom Authority); and the other to operate cellular mobile phone and pager (Bangladesh Telecom LtdBTL) services. In 1992, Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (PBTL) bought the mobile part of the BTL (Khan 2003).The telecommunications market in Bangladesh, particularly the mobile phone sector consists of six mobile phone operators. These are Grameenphone Limited (GP), Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Limited (Banglalink), Robi Axiata Limited, Airtel Bangladesh Limited, Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (Citycell), and Teletalk Bangladesh Limited (http://www. btrc. gov. bd). Since its inception Grameenphone has built the largest cellular network in the country with over 13,000 base stations in more than 7000 locations. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the country's population is within the coverage area of th e Grameenphone network.Grameenphone has always been a pioneer in introducing new products and services in the local market. GP was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh when it launched its services in March 1997. Grameenphone was also the first operator to introduce the pre-paid service in September 1999. It established the first 24-hour Call Center, introduced value-added services such as VMS, SMS, fax and data transmission services, international roaming service, WAP, SMS-based pushpull services, EDGE, personal ring back tone and many other products and services.The entire Grameenphone network is also EDGE/GPRS enabled, allowing access to high-speed Internet and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are currently nearly 2. 6 million EDGE/GPRS users in the Grameenphone network. Today, Grameenphone is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh with more than 33 million subscribers as of May 2011 (http://www. grameenphon e. com). The shareholders of Grameenphone contribute their unique, in-depth experience in both telecommunications and development. It is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor (55. %), the largest telecommunications service provider in Norway with mobile phone operations in 12 other countries, and Grameen Telecom Corporation (34. 2% ), a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed micro-credit pioneer Grameen Bank. The other 10% shares belong to general retail and institutional investors (http://www. grameenphone. com). Robi Axiata Limited is a joint venture company between Axiata Group Berhad, Malaysia and NTT DOCOMO INC, Japan. It was formerly known as Telecom Malaysia International (Bangladesh) which commenced operations in Bangladesh in 1997 with the brand name AKTEL.On 28th March 2010, the service name was rebranded as ‘Robi’ and the company came to be known as Robi Axiata Limited. Robi is truly a people-oriented brand of Bangladesh. Robi, the pe ople's champion, is there for the people of Bangladesh, where they want and the way they want. Having the local tradition at its core, Robi marches ahead with innovation and creativity. To ensure leading-edge technology, Robi draws from the international expertise of Axiata and NTT DOCOMO INC. It supports 2G voice, CAMEL Phase II & III and GPRS/EDGE service with high speed internet connectivity.Its GSM service is based on a robust network architecture and cutting edge technology such as Intelligent Network (IN), which provides peace-of-mind The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 161 solutions in terms of voice clarity, extensive nationwide network coverage and multiple global partners for international roaming. It has the widest International Roaming coverage in Bangladesh connecting 600 operators across more than 200 countries. Its customer centric solution includes value added services, quality customer care, easy access call centers, digital network security and flexible tariff rates (http://www. obi. com. bd). Robi Axiata Limited is a Joint Venture company between Axiata Group Berhad (70%) and NTT DOCOMO INC. (30%) (http://www. robi. com. bd). Objectives of the Study The prime objective of the study is to compare the performance between Grameenphone and Robi in the telecommunications sector of Bangladesh. The more specific objectives are as follows: 1. To determine the factors that influence consumers to choose a mobile phone operator. 2. To find out different types of facilities that both companies are offering to grasp new customers and to retain the present one. . To know about the specific area where subscribers are satisfied or dissatisfied. 4. To find out the level of customer satisfaction towards the services provided by Grameenphone and Robi. 5. To provide some recommendations to increase the performance of Grameenphone and Robi. Methodology of the Study The methodology adopted for the current study is presented below in a sequential manner: Sour ces of Data: This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through personal interview with a structured questionnaire and direct observations.Secondary data were collected from the published official statistics, report documents, laws, ordinance, books, articles, periodicals of different domestic and international agencies, annual reports of concerned cell phone operators, ministry of posts & telecommunications, websites etc. Questionnaire Design: The primary data were collected from relative mobile phone companies’ customers from Khulna city. Total 200 customers (100 customers of Robi and 100 customers of Grameenphone) were surveyed through the convenience sampling method with questionnaire from March to June 2011.The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The questionnaire was pre-tested (piloted) on a convenience sample of 30 respondents of both cell phone companies from Khulna city. The aim was to check that the issues were pertinen t and the questions were clear, understandable, and comprehensible. The layout of some questions was modified and further improvements were done as a result of the pilot study. Data Analysis Methods: A five-point Likert type scale statements were used to measure the variables where 1 stands for strongly disagreed and 5 stands for strongly agreed effect on the statements (Luthans, 2002).After collection of primary data, hypotheses were formulated and paired samples t-test was used to test the hypotheses with 0. 05 level of statistical significance. The statistical computer package SPSS version 16. 0 was used to analyze the data. 162 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 Hypotheses Formulation: Research hypothesis is an unproven statement, which helps the researcher to draw the suggestion on his hypothetical assumption whether it is true or false based on some specific statistical test (Alam and Neger, 2009). For the convenience of the study the following hyp otheses are developed which are to be tested.Table 1: Developing Hypotheses for Different Factors Alternative hypothesis Factors Null hypothesis (H0) (Ha) Network Coverage x ncm? 0 x ncm* =0 Effectiveness of Network x enm? 0 x enm=0 Low Call Rate x lcrm=0 x lcrm? 0 Availability of SIM Card x ascm=0 x ascm? 0 Low Price SIM Card x lpscm=0 x lpscm? 0 Solution of the Problems Related to x sprsrm=0 x sprsrm? 0 SIM Replacement Special Offer to the Customers x socm=0 x socm? 0 Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities x ftbfm=0 x ftbfm? 0 Pulse Facility x pfm=0 x pfm? 0 Availability of Flexi Load/Easy Load x aflelfm=0 x aflelfm? 0 Facility Friends & Family Number Facility x ffnm=0 x ffnm? Internet & GPRS Connection x igcm=0 x igcm? 0 Location of the Service Center x lscm? 0 x lscm=0 Value Added Services Facilities x vasfm? 0 x vasfm=0 *m= Two Mobile Companies (i. e Grameenphone and Robi) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Empirical Findings and Analysis An analysis is generated from th e questionnaire to fulfill the objectives of the study. In order to analyze the collected data a 5-point Likert type scale has been used. 5 stands for highly satisfied customers, 4 stands for only satisfied customers, 3 stands for neutral customers, 2 stands for dissatisfied customers, and 1 stands for highly dissatisfied customers.Several judgments are being made from the responses of customers to validate the objectives of the study. The results are presented below: 1. Network Coverage Network availability is an important factor to the customers. They give more emphasis in this particular point in purchasing the brand. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi Table 2: Satisfaction Regarding Network Coverage Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 163 Value 5 4 3 2 1Frequency Grameenphone 34 55 11 0 0 100 4. 23 . 63333 14. 97 Robi 15 46 29 8 2 100 3. 64 . 90476 24. 86 From the above table, it is found that 34% respondents of GP are highly satisfied and 55% respondents are satisfied regarding network coverage. On the other hand, 15% respondents of Robi are highly satisfied and 46% respondents are satisfied and 29% respondents showed their neutrality regarding network coverage. Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding network coverage are respectively 4. 23 and 3. 64 and the coefficient of variation are respectively 14. 97 and 24. 6, which indicate that GP is in a very strong position than Robi. 2. Effectiveness of Network When the customers have the information in their hand about the different network facility of the different cell phone operators then they give the priority to buy the connection of that operator which has the best coverage. Customers also give importance on the effectiveness of the network. Table 3 shows that 62% customers are satisfied and 25% customers are highly satisfied about the effectiveness of network of GP. On the other hand, 32% customers were neutral in their opinion towards the effectiveness of network of Robi.Of whom 26% customers were satisfied and 18% customers were highly satisfied. The mean value of customers response towards the effectiveness of network of GP is 4. 12, which lies in satisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 29 which lies in neutral category of customers opinion. Table 3: Effectiveness of Network Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 25 62 13 0 0 100 4. 2 . 60769 14. 75 Robi 18 26 32 15 9 100 3. 29 1. 19168 36. 22 164 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 The coefficient of variation of GP and Robi are respectively 14. 75 and 36. 22 which indicate that the opinion of the customers of GP is less deviated than Robi. 3. Call Rate From the table 4 it is found that 48% respondents of Robi showed their neutrality and 31% and 18% respondents were respectively satisfied and highly satisfied. On the other hand, 73% GP customers are dissatisfied and 15% are highly satisfied towards the call rate.Table 4: Satisfaction Regarding Call Rate Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 18 0 31 12 48 73 3 15 0 100 100 1. 97 3. 64 .52136 . 81054 26. 46 22. 27 Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents are respectively 1. 97 and 3. 64 indicate that Robi is in strong position than GP regarding call rate. The value of CV of Rabi and GP are 22. 27 and 26. 46 accordingly. It is observed that the CV of Robi is lower than GP.That means the customers of Robi perceived low call rate than that of GP. 4. Availability of SIM Card From the table 5 it is found that GP customers enjoy availability of the SIM card. That’s why about 47% respondents of GP are in highly satisfied level and 38% are satisfied regarding availability of SIM card. On the other hand, 28% Robi customers were neutral and 31% were satisfied towards availability of SIM card. Table 5: Availability of SIM Card Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 47 15 38 31 15 28 0 19 0 7 100 100 4. 32 3. 28 . 72307 1. 14662 16. 74 34. 96 The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 165 Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding availability of the SIM cards are respectively 4. 32 and 3. 28 and the coefficient of variation are respectively 16. 74 and 34. 96, indicate that GP is in a strong position than Robi. 5. Low Price SIM Card Customers al ways expect that when they will feel the necessity for the SIM card of nay mobile phone operators, at that time they will get the SIM card in low price.Table 6 shows that 40% respondents of GP are dissatisfied and 35% respondents are neutral in their opinion regarding low price SIM card. On the other hand, 32% Robi customers were satisfied and 29% were highly satisfied about low price SIM card. The mean value of customers’ response regarding low price SIM card of GP is 2. 57, which lies in neutral category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 79, which falls in satisfied category of customers responses. In this regard, the value of CV of Robi is lower than that of GP. It is found that the opinion of the customers of Robi is less scattered than GP i. Robi offer low price SIM card. Table 6: Low Price SIM Card Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, M arch-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 5 9 35 40 11 100 2. 57 . 97706 38. 02 Robi 29 32 28 11 0 100 3. 79 . 98775 26. 06 6. Solution of the Problems Related to SIM Replacement Table 7 shows that 54% respondents of GP are satisfied and 21% respondents are neutral in satisfaction regarding solution of the problems related to SIM replacement.About 54. 00% of the respondents of GP are above the satisfied level. On the other hand, 47% Robi customers are satisfied and 24% customers showed their neutrality. 166 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 Table 7: Solution of the Problems Related to SIM Replacement Options Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 16 13 54 47 21 24 9 11 0 5 100 100 3. 77 3. 52 . 82701 1. 01980 21. 94 28. 97 Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011Here mean value of GP and Robi resp ondents about satisfaction regarding solution of the problems related to SIM replacement are respectively 3. 77 and 3. 52 and the CV is 21. 94 and 28. 97 accordingly. It is observed that the CV of GP is less than the CV of Robi. So, the researchers can conclude that the customers GP are more satisfied than that of Robi towards satisfaction regarding solution of the problems related to SIM replacement. 7. Special Offers to the Customers: Customers always expect that their operators will give some special offers to them regularly.The operators who are providing special offers to customers, are getting more customers. Table 7 reveals that about 39% respondents of Robi are satisfied and 26% are neutral. On the other hand, 37% GP customers are showing their neutrality and 32% was dissatisfied regarding special offers to the customers. Table 8: Special Offers to the Customers Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviat ion (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 9 21 12 39 37 26 32 14 10 0 100 100 2. 78 3. 67 1. 7853 . 96457 38. 80 26. 28 Mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding special offers to the customers are respectively 2. 78 and 3. 67 and the coefficient of variation are respectively 38. 80 and 26. 28. It indicates that Robi is in a better position than GP in providing special offers to the customers. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 8. Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities 167 Free talk time & bonus facilities are very important for the customers to choose a particular mobile phone service provider. So, they always like to use the connection of that operator who will offer them free talk time & bonus facilities.Table 9: Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV ) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 26 0 39 7 25 51 10 42 0 100 100 1. 65 3. 81 . 60927 . 93954 36. 93 24. 66 Table 9 shows that 51% customers are dissatisfied and 42% customers are highly dissatisfied about free talk time & bonus facilities of GP. On the other hand, 39% customers were satisfied in their opinion towards free talk time & bonus facilities of Robi.Of whom 26% customers were highly satisfied and 25% customers were neutral. The mean value of customers’ response towards free talk time & bonus facilities of GP is 1. 65, which lies in dissatisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 81 which lie in satisfied category of customers’ opinion. The value of CV of Robi is lower than GP and it denotes that the customers’ opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP. So, it can be concluded that the customers of Robi are enjoying more free talk time & bonus facilities than GP customers. 9. Pulse Facilitiy The c ustomers who want to talk in a short time desire for pulse facilities.There are some operators in our country who are providing pulse facilities to the customers. Table 10 reveals that about 49% respondents of Robi are dissatisfied and 22% customers are satisfied. On the other hand, 68% GP customers are dissatisfied and 23% were highly dissatisfied regarding pulse facilities to the customers. 168 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 Table 10: Satisfaction Regarding Pulse Facility Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 5 0 22 9 17 68 49 23 7 100 100 1. 86 2. 69 . 55085 1. 05117 29. 62 39. 08 Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding pulse facility to the customer are respectively 1. 86 and 2. 69 indicate that Robi is in a strong position than GP. 10. Av ailability of Flexi Load/Easy Load Facilities It is more important to the customer. Every customer wants these facilities in a convenient location. The operator who provides this facilities the customers are more satisfied on that operator than that of others.Table 11: Availability of Flexi Load/Easy Load Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 63 12 32 20 5 32 0 29 0 7 100 100 4. 58 3. 01 . 58913 1. 12362 12. 86 37. 33 Table 12 shows that 63% customers are highly satisfied and 32% customers are satisfied regarding availability of flexi load facility of GP.On the other hand, 32% customers were neutral in their opinion towards Easy Load facility of Robi of whom 29% customers were dissatisfied and 20% customers were satisfied. The mean value of customers response towards availabilit y of flexi load/easy load facilities of GP is 4. 58, which lies in highly satisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 01 which lies in neutral category of customers opinion. The coefficient of variation of GP and Robi are respectively 12. 86 and 37. 33 which indicate that the opinion of the customers of GP is less deviated than that of Robi.The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 11. Friends and Family Number Facilities 169 Every customer has some special number which is very much essential to him. He or she needs to talk with these numbers frequently. So he or she expects a lower tariff for these numbers. Cell phone operators provide some facilities for these FnF number. The operator who provides lower tariff and gives opportunity to more FnF number the customers are more satisfied with that operator. Table 13 reveals that about 53% respondents of Robi are highly satisfied and 28% customers are satisfied.On the other hand, 49% GP customers are highly satisfied and 33% were satisfied regarding friends and family number facilities to the customers. Table 12: Friends and Family Number Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 49 33 14 4 0 100 4. 27 . 85108 19. 93 Robi 53 28 12 7 0 100 4. 27 . 93046 21. 79 Here mean value of GP and Robi to the customer satisfaction regarding friends and family number facilities are respectively 4. 7 and 4. 27 and the coefficient of variation are 19. 93 and 21. 79 indicate that both the operators are near about equal position. 12. Internet and GPRS Connection Internet and GPRS connection are very important for the young cell phone users. They want to get these facilities within low cost. Table 13: Internet and GPRS Connection Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Stan dard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 11 8 28 25 35 31 16 22 10 14 100 100 3. 15 2. 91 1. 2254 1. 16424 35. 64 40. 01 170 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 From the above table, it is found that 35% respondents of GP are neutral and 28% respondents are satisfied regarding Internet and GPRS connection. On the other hand, 31% respondents of Robi showed their neutrality and 25% respondents are satisfied and 22% respondents are dissatisfied regarding Internet and GPRS connection. Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents are respectively 3. 15 and 2. 91 and the coefficient of variation are respectively 35. 64 and 40. 01, which indicate that GP is in a good position than Robi. 3. Location of the Service Center Table 15 shows that 40% customers are satisfied and 29% customers are highly satisfied 24% customers showed their neutrality regarding location of the servic e center of GP. On the other hand, 37% customers were satisfied towards location of the service center of Robi. Of whom 28% customers were neutral and 26% customers were highly satisfied. Table 14: Location of the Service Center Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 29 40 24 7 0 100 3. 91 . 90000 23. 02 Robi 26 37 28 9 0 100 3. 80 . 93203 24. 53 Here mean value of GP and Robi to the customers satisfaction regarding location of the service center are respectively 3. 91 and 3. 80 and the coefficient of variation are 23. 02 and 24. 53 indicate that GP is in a better position than Robi. 14. Value Added Services Facilities Cell phone operators provide some value added services such as SMS, MMS, and VMS etc. which is very important to the customers. The Performance of Grameenphone and RobiTable 15: Va lue Added Services Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source: Field Survey, March-June 2011 171 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 10 45 36 5 4 100 3. 52 . 89307 25. 37 Robi 8 44 39 6 3 100 3. 48 . 84662 24. 33 Table 18 indicates that 44% respondents of Robi are in satisfied level and 39% are neutral in their opinion regarding value added services. On the other hand, 45% GP customers were satisfied and 36% expressed their neutrality.The mean value of customers’ response towards value added services of GP is 3. 52, which lies in satisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 48 which lie in neutral category of customers’ opinion. The value of CV of Robi is lower than GP and it denotes that the customers’ opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP. In fine it can be said both the companies tried to reach their best position by offe ring various opportunities. Both the companies are staying a strong position. But their initial investment, customers, registration number of customers is different from each other.It is also seen that some of the customers are satisfied with the specific sectors of Grameenphone and some of the customers are satisfied with the specific sectors of Robi. Test of Hypotheses and Results Test of hypotheses and results have been presented in the below table 20 by the help of the statistical package SPSS version 16. 0. The interpretations of the hypotheses testing have been given after the table 20. Table 16: Paired Samples Test between Grameenphone and Robi Paired Differences Variables Mean 1. Network Coverage 2. Effectiveness of Network 3. Call Rate 4. Availability of SIM Card . 9000 . 83000 . 50000 1. 04000 Std. Std. Error Deviation Mean . 53362 . 05336 . 73930 . 07393 . 50252 . 05025 . 58465 . 05847 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower . 48412 . 68331 . 40029 . 92399 Upper t df 99 99 99 99 . 69588 11. 057 . 97669 11. 227 . 59971 9. 950 1. 15601 17. 788 Sig. (2tailed) . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 Cont. Table 172 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 Paired Differences Variables Mean 5. Low Price SIM Card 6. Solution of the Problems Related to SIM Replacement 7. Special Offer to the Customers 8. Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities 9. Pulse Facility 10.Availability of Flexi Load/Easy Load Facility 11. Friends & Family Number Facility 12. Internet & GPRS Connection 13. Location of the Service Center 14. Value Added Services Facilities -1. 22000 . 25000 -. 89000 -2. 16000 -. 83000 1. 57000 . 00000 . 24000 . 11000 . 04000 Std. Std. Error Deviation Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper t df 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 Sig. (2tailed) . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 1. 000 . 000 . 001 . 103 .52378 . 05238 -1. 32393 -1. 11607 -23. 292 . 43519 . 04352 . 37322 . 03732 . 16365 -. 96405 . 33635 5. 745 -. 81595 -23. 847 . 58119 . 5812 -2. 27532 -2. 04468 -37. 165 . 77921 . 07792 -. 98461 -. 67539 -10. 652 1. 71451 21. 557 . 05640 . 32517 . 17240 . 08819 . 000 5. 591 3. 498 1. 647 .72829 . 07283 1. 42549 . 28427 . 02843 . 42923 . 04292 . 31447 . 03145 . 24288 . 02429 -. 05640 . 15483 . 04760 -. 00819 Table 16 shows that in case of the factor ‘network coverage’ the calculated value of t (11. 057) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. Regarding ‘effectiveness of network’ the calculated value of t (11. 227) is more than the tabulated value of t (1. 6) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. For the factor ‘call rate’ the calculated value of t (9. 950) is higher than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That is, Ha is supported. Under the variable ‘Availability of SIM card’ the calculated value of t (17. 788) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. In case of ‘low price SIM card’ the calculated value of t (-23. 292) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance.So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 173 Regarding ‘solution of the problems related to SIM replacement’ the calculated value of t (5. 745) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That is, Ha is accepted. Under the variable ‘special offer to the customers’ the calculated value of t (-23. 847) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That is, H0 is supported. In case of ‘free talk time & bonus facilities’ the calculated value of t (-37. 65) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% l evel of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Under the variable ‘pulse facility’ the calculated value of t (-10. 652) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. For the factor ‘availability of flexi load/easy load facility’ the calculated value of t (21. 557) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. In case of ‘friends & family umber facility’ the calculated value of t (0) is less than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. For the factor ‘Internet & GPRS connection’ the calculated value of t (5. 591) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. Regarding â €˜location of the service center’ the calculated value of t (3. 498) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted.Under the variable ‘value added services facilities’ the calculated value of t (1. 647) is less than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Summary of Findings †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Grameenphone spent a large amount of money in the establishment year for the tower purpose and is doing better for the network coverage than that of Robi. Most of the customers of GP have given their opinion in favor of effectiveness of network. The customers of Robi perceived low call rate than that of GP. GP is in a strong position than Robi regarding availability of SIM card.It is found that the opinion of the customers of Robi is less scattered than GP i. e Robi offe r low price SIM card. GP is in a better position in providing solution of the problems related to SIM replacement than Robi. It is observed that Robi is in a better position than GP in providing special offers to the customers. The customers of Robi are enjoying more free talk time & bonus facilities than GP customers. 174 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 It is found that most of the customers’ of GP and Robi are dissatisfied regarding pulse facilities.But in comparison between these two operators, Robi is in a better position. Flexi load facility of Grameenphone is more available than that of easy load facility of Robi surrounding the country. The performance of both GP and Robi are satisfactory regarding friends and family number facilities to the customers. It is found that most of the customers’ of GP and Robi are showing their neutrality regarding Internet and GPRS connection. But in comparison between these two operators, GP is in better position. The customers of both the operators are satisfied in case of location of the service center.It is found that the customers’ opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP in case of value added services. That is Robi provides more value added services than GP. †¢ †¢ Conclusion Quality of telecommunications service depends on both the telephone network and the supporting services. The first is known as ‘equipment and system oriented quality’ and the second as ‘people and process oriented quality’. Equipment and system oriented quality consists of activities directly related to the network while people and process oriented quality consists of activities provided over the telephone network or face to face (Yusuf and Alam, 2010).The quality of service of mobile telecommunications is usually measured in terms of some common parameters such as call completion rate, call drop rate, voice quality, percentag e of complaints resolved within a stipulated time and customer service etc. (TRAI, 2008, Sutherland,2007, Australian Communications and Media Authority 2008). Accessibility and connectivity needs to be further improved. This can be achieved through the upgrading of technological infrastructure as well as the lowering of the internet usage costs through mobile phones to a more affordable level (Mahmud and Chowdhury, 2010).The research has provided insights like what are positive and negative aspects of both of the operators. For instance, the total number of customers of Grameenphone are very high than Robi. Grameenphone Company spent a large amount of money in the establishment year for the tower purpose and is doing better for the network facilities. On the other hand, Robi is doing better in case of call rate, low price SIM card, friends and family number facilities, bonus system etc.Robi needs to improve its poor network coverage, problem related to SIM replacement, insufficiency of the scratch card and easy load facilities, lack of convenient location of the service center and discount facilities etc. On the other hand Grameenphone is in a better position in comparison to Robi. It is doing better in case of following services like network coverage, effectiveness of network, solution of the problem related to SIM replacement, reconnection and migration, availability of the scratch card and flexi load facilities, location of the service center etc.But it can not be said that its services is much attractive to the customers. It has some other problems like lack of limited friends and family (FnF) number facilities and lack of bonus system (Free talk time, SMS), high call rate, lack of special offers to the customers, lack of pulse facilities etc. If GP takes initiative to remove or reduce these drawbacks, then it will be more successful in the telecommunications industry of Bangladesh. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 175 RecommendationsRecommendation s for Grameenphone: The authors have suggested some recommendations for improving the performance of Grameenphone are as follows1. The authority of Grameenphone should reduce its higher call charge. At the same time, the reduced call charge should be applied for all operators, not only for GP to GP, but also from GP to other operators. 2. It should provide more friends and family number facilities with GP to GP and other operators. 3. The Company should focus more to the prepaid subscribers than the post-paid subscribers. 4. SIM replacement (in case of lost or damaged SIM) charge should be reduced. . Most of the value added services (VAS) are not friendly for general handset users. GP should take some steps so that general handset users get an opportunity to have that VAS. Recommendations for Robi: The following are the provided recommendations by the authors to improve the performance of Robi1. Customers have been switching to other operators as a result of their poor network infra structure. So, Robi should have quick expansion in network development all over Bangladesh if it wants to keep its customers to stay with it. 2. Time duration of easy load and scratch card should lengthen.Easy load facility should be made easily available. 3. Charge should be reduced than the existing charge to take a new SIM if it is either damaged or lost. 4. The privilege services of the customer retention scheme of Robi should be launched as soon as possible as ‘djuice’ of Grameenphone has already started to saturate a certain segment of the market through its ‘X-tra Khatir Card’. 5. The Value Added Services (VAS) department should be coming up with more ideas to entertain its customers. This department has its potential but should be using it to the full range to provide more useful services to customers’ needs. . Customer Care has turned out to be one of the most focused points in the telecom industry. Survey results show subscribers expect a l ot of it and would appreciate special care facilities. References Agar, J. (2003) ‘Constant touch: A global history of the mobile phone’, Journal of Service Marketing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 21-27. Alam, M. J. , and Neger, M. (2009) ‘Measuring consumer attitude towards beautification products: A study on some selected brands in Bangladesh’, Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka), vol. 4, issue 2, p. 61.Australian Communications and Media Authority (2008) ‘Telecommunications Today’, Report 4, Customer Satisfaction, February. Balasooriya, A. F. , Alam, Q. , & Coghill, K. (2007) ‘Ownership, competition and regulation under privatization policy: the Sri Lankan experience’, International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 611-628. 176 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, July–December, 2011 Bolton, R. N. (1998) ‘A dynamic model of the duration of customers’ relationship with a continuous service p rovider: The role of customer satisfaction’, Journal of Marketing, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 5-9. Camp, L. J. & Anderson, B. L. (2001) ‘Deregulating the local loop: The telecommunications regulation path less chosen as taken by Bangladesh’, International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 100-114. Coldwell. (2001) The Practice of Management, 4th edition, New York: Harper & Row. Gupta S. P. and Gupta M. P. (2006) Business statistics, 11th ed. , New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sons. Hasan, Mahmud. (2008) ‘Mobile phone operators in Bangladesh’, The Daily Star, 7 January. Heinonen, K. and Andersson, P. (2003) ‘Swedish mobile market: Consumer perceptions of mobile services’, Journal of Service Marketing, vol. , no. 1, pp. 33-36. Hess, D. J. (1997) Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction, New York: New York University Press. Khalil, M. (2000) ‘Ministerial support for mobile: Middle East Times’, Journal of Europ ean Business Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 54-81. Khan, M. A. S. (2003) ‘Privatization in the telecommunication sector: An overview of comparative Bangladesh situation’, The Bangladesh Accountant, 41:14 pp. 29-36. Luthans, F. (2002) Organizational Behavior, 9th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill International Companies Inc. Mahmud, K. and Chowdhury, S. M. R. 2010) ‘Prospects of mobile learning for digital Bangladesh’, Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka), vol. 5, issue 1, January-June, pp. 50-61. Mitchell, K. and Whitmore, M. 2003. Marketing Management: In Book-Location Based Services, Journal of American Business and Economics, 41(2):85-91. Rahman, M. T. (2010) ‘Making Teletalk a healthy competitor among the mobile phone operators in Bangladesh’, Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka), vol. 5, issue 2, July-December, p. 133. Silva, H. D. , & Khan, A. S. (2004) ‘Regulation and investment: Case study of Bangladesh’, WDR Dial ogue Theme Discussion Paper WDR 03111-33.Sutherland, E. (2007) ‘The regulation of the quality of service in mobile networks’, Info 9(6), pp. 17-34. Symeou, P. C. (2009) ‘Does smallness affect the liberalization of telecommunications? The case of Cyprus’, Telecommunications Policy 33 (3-4), pp. 215-229. TRAI. (2008) ‘Quality of service assessment: Report of survey for basic service (Wireline)’, Cellular Mobile (Wireless) and Broadband, New Delhi: TRAI. Wang, Y. , & Lo, H. P. (2002) ‘Service quality, customer satisfaction and behavior intentions: Evidence from China's telecommunication industry’, Info, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 50-60. Yusuf, M. A. and Alam, Q. 2010) ‘The influence of regulatory environment on mobile phone service quality: The case of Bangladesh’, Annual Asian Business Research Conference 2010, p. 5. Web References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. http://www. grameenphone. com/about-us (Retrieved on 11 August 2011) http://www. gr ameenphone. com/about-us/corporate-information/ownership (Retrieved on 11 August 2011) http://www. btrc. gov. bd/licensing/operators/mobile_operators. php (accessed on 11 August 2011). http://www. robi. com. bd/index. php/page/view/98 (Accessed on 12 August 2011) http://www. robi. com. bd/index. php/page/view/99 (Accessed on 12 August 2011).

A Dolls House Critical Analysis - 1477 Words

In Henrik Ibsen’s controversial play, A Doll’s House, the audience witnesses Nora Helmer, a Norwegian housewife, struggle to hide a secret financial transaction from her husband, Torvald Helmer. At the conclusion of the play, Nora decides to leave Torvald and her children in order to find self-fulfillment. Throughout the play, Henrik Ibsen offers vivid criticism on the social expectations imposed upon women in Victorian-era society. Ibsen communicates this central message of the play by utilizing Nora’s dynamic character to demonstrate the necessity of freedom from societal bondage. In particular, Ibsen uses the macaroons and the tarantella dance throughout the play to provide greater depth to Nora’s character by presenting contrasting†¦show more content†¦In this context, the macaroons are symbolic of the many desires that Nora is forced to suppress due to Torvald’s wishes. The act of lying demonstrates Nora’s defiance of Torvald so that she may have what she desires, an act which is both thematically and symbolically important. Thus, having established a major element of the play’s plot, Ibsen further develops Nora’s character by later using the macaroons to express Nora’s cunningly nature. When Mrs. Linde and Dr. Rank arrives at the household, the latter is startled by the presence of the macaroons. He exclaims that, â€Å"Macaroons? Now, now! I thought they were forbidden here!† (Ibsen 166), to which Nora responds by stating that, â€Å"[T]hese are some that Kristina gave me.† (Ibsen 166). This obvious lie, apparent earlier in the play, shows the manner in which Nora deflects the accusation from herself to Mrs. Linde. The manner in which Nora reacts to Dr. Rank indicates the habitual nature of her lies. Throughout these parts of the plays, the macaroons serve show the rationale behind Nora’s lies as she attempts to gain access to this forbidden food. This closely parallels Nora’s rationale throughout the rest of the play as she attempts to hide her lies reg arding the secret loan she took from Niels Krogstad and her forged signature. The macaroons serve throughout the play as symbols of Nora’s childlike nature and her habitual lies, both done with the intention of accessing a forbiddenShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of a Doll House1250 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen s background provided him the insight to write the play A Doll House. In Britannica Biographies, Ibsen s father lost his business and the family s financial stability when Ibsen was a young child. Because of the family s financial misfortunes, at the age of 15, Ibsen was forced to leave home and venture out on his own. He supported himself meagerly as an apothecary s apprentice and studied at night to prepare for universityRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Dolls House1740 Words   |  7 PagesIbsen (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (1829-1906). Though his plays suggest otherwise, Ibsen revered the state of marriage, believing that it was possible for two people to travel through life as perfect, happy equals. A Doll s House is a three act play about a seemingly typical housewife who becomes disillusioned and dissatisfied with her condescending husband. Act One:Setting: It is important to note that the whole play takes place in one room and that until the last actRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Dolls House1731 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"A Dolls House† A Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen first published â€Å"A doll’s house â€Å" in 1879. In this play Ibsen distinguished the state of marriage, believing that it was possible for two people to travel through life as perfect, happy equals. A Doll s House is a three act play about a seemingly typical housewife who becomes disillusioned and dissatisfied with her superior husband. In the first act the setting was important toRead MoreA Doll House : A Play From Different Perspectives1557 Words   |  7 PagesSean Walsh Literary Perspectives Research Essay A Doll House: A Play from Different Perspectives When A Doll House was first produced Ibsen successfully shocked and angered many who went to go see it. However if you google A Doll House today you’ll find many article’s praising it for its feminist themes. When looking at reviews for A Doll House after its first production I find no mention of feminism but rather many called it untrue and one even called the third act â€Å"it’s Achilles heel†(AvisRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Critics Opinion of a Dolls House1743 Words   |  7 PagesDestiny Maxfield Mrs. Collar Engl. 1302 19 November 2012 A Critic’s Opinion of A Doll’s House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House many views could be seen from both sides of the gender world. Critics will argue about the true meaning of the story and why Ibsen wrote the story. The main points of the play that critics discuss are sexuality i.e. feminism, the wrong doing of the father figure, and spiritual revolution. I believe these critics are each right in their own way from my understanding of theRead MoreA Dolls House -H.Ibsen ,Critical Analysis1554 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Subject : Drama B Writer : Henrik Johan Ibsen Genre : Realistic Modern Drama Name of the Work / Play : A Doll’s House ( 1897 ) in three acts Characters : Major Characters / Minor Characters Nora Helmer ( wife of Torvald Helmer ,mother of three children ) Torvald Helmer( husband of Nora Helmer , a lawyer ,father of three children ) Dr. Rank ( doctor ,friend of Nora Torvald Helmer, confidant ,commentator ) Mrs. Kristine Linde ( old friend of Nora Helmer ) Nils Krogstad ( barristerRead MoreAnalysis of Acting and Directing in The Crucible Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Acting and Directing in The Crucible I saw the play The Crucible and there were examples of styles of directing and acting that were very interesting. The production was put on by the University of Arizona’s theatre department and as such the directing and acting had its good points and its bad ones. There was one scene in particular that appeared to be very well directed. Act two takes place in the common room of the Proctor’s house about a week after the initial scene in theRead More A Comparison of Realism in Uncle Vanya and A Dolls House Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesRealism in Uncle Vanya and A Dolls House      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A play serves as the authors tool for critiquing society. One rarely encounters the ability to transcend accepted social beliefs. These plays reflect controversial issues that the audience can relate to because they interact in the same situations every day. As late nineteenth century playwrights point out the flaws of mankind they also provide an answer to the controversy. Unknowingly the hero or heroine solves the problem at the end of theRead More Essay on Lies and Self-realization in A Dolls House1162 Words   |  5 Pagesin A Dolls House    In Ibsens play,   A Dolls House,   the characters willingly exist in a situation of untruth or inadequate truth that conceals conflict.   Noras independent nature is in contradiction to the tyrannical authority of Torvald.   This conflict is concealed by the way they both hide their true selves from society, each other, and ultimately themselves.   Just like Nora and Torvald, every character in this play is trapped in a situation of untruth. A Dolls House, can be misinterpreted